This research aims to advance label-free chemical imaging techniques for cell characterization and identification based on infrared (IR) absorption and coherent Raman microscopy. We have demonstrated that both IR- and Raman-based microscopy can map the distribution of biomolecules and unravel the cellular response to external stimuli. This research aims to develop state-of-the-art imaging techniques and determine cell states and phenotypes based on quantitative and SI-traceable chemical measurements, which will boost the measurement assurance in cell therapy, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, pharmaceutical, toxicology, microbiome, and other cell-based biosciences and bioindustries.