Deep, moist convection is a fundamental process in the atmosphere that is key to Earth’s energy balance. Most precipitation on Earth occurs within deep convection. Clouds extend laterally from deep convection across large areas and impact radiative transfer. However, both small-scale and large-scale processes that control cloud evolution and precipitation are not fully understood and improving their representations in numerical models is a major goal of the broad scientific community. In this research opportunity, associates may use remote sensing observations, in situ observations, and/or numerical modeling to elucidate and/or quantify what processes control the evolution of clouds at various stages of their lifecycle—from turbulent eddies up to horizontally expansive and deep convection.